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FOR UK HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS

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MUSCLE MATTERS FOR FRAIL
AND OLDER ADULTS

Muscle loss is associated with morbidity and mortality in older orthopaedic patients1

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Causes of
muscle loss

Age, illness, immobility and poor nutrition contribute to muscle loss2-5

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Risk of
hospitalisation

Muscle loss can increase the risk of falls and fractures, which can lead to hospitalisation6,7

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Associated
mortality

Muscle loss is accelerated in hospitalised older adults which increases the risk of complications and death8,9

MUSCLE LOSS MAY INCREASE THE RISK OF COMPLICATIONS AND DEATH2

MUSCLE LOSS INCREASES THE RISK OF COMPLICATIONS AND DEATH9,10

30% increased risk of death following a 20% loss of lean body mass9

MUSCLE LOSS CAN ALSO LEAD TO:

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Physical disability5,10

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Poor balance and increased falls5,10

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Poorer quality of life10

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Impaired immune function9

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Compromised wound healing10

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Increased length of hospital stay10

THE ROLE OF PROTEIN, VITAMIN D AND HMB IN MUSCLE METABOLISM

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PROTEIN

Adequate protein intake is essential to help minimise declines in strength and function.11

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VITAMIN D

Acts directly on muscle to promote its function through specific vitamin D receptors found on muscle cells.12

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HMB

ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) helps to preserve muscle mass in older adults.13,14

CHOOSE A NUTRITIONAL SOLUTION THAT INCLUDES ALL THREE. FIND OUT MORE

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References:

1. Ekinci O et al. Nutr Clin Pract 2016;31(6):829–835. 2. Wilkinson DJ et al. Clin Nutr 2018;37(6):2068–2075. 3. Baier S et al. JPEN 2009;33(1):71–82. 4. Flakoll P et al. Nutrition 2004;20(5):445–451. 11. Cruz-Jentoft AJ et al. Age Ageing 2019;48:16-31. 6. Mithal A et al. Osteoporos Int 2013;24(5):1555–1566. 7. Clynes MA et al. Calcif Tissue Int 2015;97(5):445–452. 8. Hegerova P et al. Nutrition 2015;31(1):166–170. 9. Demling RH. Eplasty 2009;9:e9. 10. Argiles JM et al. JAMDA 2016;17:789-796. 11. Deutz NE et al. Clin Nutr 2014;33(6):929–936. 12. Wagatsuma A and Sakuma K. Biomed Res Int 2014:121254. 13. Deutz NE et al. Clin Nutr 2013;32(5):704–712. 14. Wu H et al. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2015;61(2):168–175.